Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other body parts like the kidneys, spine, and brain. TB spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

What are the symptoms of TB?

Common symptoms of active pulmonary TB include:

• Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks
• Coughing up blood
• Chest pain
• Unintentional weight loss
• Night sweats
• Fever and chills
• Fatigue

It's essential to seek medical advice if you experience these symptoms, especially after exposure to a known TB case.

How does TB spread?

TB is highly contagious and spreads through the air when a person with active TB disease in their lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or talks. However, not everyone who inhales the bacteria will get sick. People with a robust immune system may develop latent TB, which means they carry the bacteria but do not show symptoms or spread the disease.

What is the difference between Latent TB and Active TB?

• Latent TB: The bacteria remain in the body but are inactive, and the person shows no symptoms. However, latent TB can progress to active TB if the immune system weakens.
• Active TB: The bacteria are active and cause symptoms. This form is contagious and requires immediate treatment.

Who is at risk for TB?

Certain groups are at higher risk of contracting TB, including:

• People living in or traveling to areas with high TB prevalence
• Individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., HIV/AIDS patients)
• Healthcare workers in frequent contact with TB patients
• Smokers and people with chronic lung diseases

How is TB diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a combination of tests such as:

• Tuberculin skin test (TST): A small amount of TB protein is injected into the skin to see if the body reacts.
• Blood tests: These can help detect latent or active TB.
• Chest X-rays: To identify TB in the lungs.
• Sputum tests: To confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

What is the treatment for TB?

TB is treatable with a course of antibiotics over 6 to 12 months. The most commonly used drugs include:

• Isoniazid (INH)
• Rifampin (RIF)
• Ethambutol (EMB)
• Pyrazinamide (PZA)

It's crucial to complete the entire course of treatment to avoid drug resistance, which can complicate future treatment efforts.

How can TB be prevented?

• Vaccination: The BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is commonly administered in countries with high TB rates.
• Ventilation: Ensuring good airflow in homes and workplaces reduces TB spread.
• Protective Measures: Wearing masks and maintaining hygiene around TB patients can limit exposure.
• Regular Screening: People at high risk should get tested regularly.

Is TB curable?

Yes, with proper medical treatment, TB is curable. It is essential to follow the prescribed treatment plan without interruption to ensure complete recovery and prevent the development of drug-resistant TB strains.

When should you consult a doctor about TB?

If you experience any of the symptoms of TB or have been in contact with a person diagnosed with TB, seek medical advice immediately. Early detection and treatment are crucial to controlling the spread of the disease.

Consult Dr. Mandal for TB Concerns

For expert advice on Tuberculosis, consult Dr. Mandal, a renowned Pulmonology, Sleep, and Intensive Care Medicine specialist. Get the correct diagnosis, treatment plan, and preventive care to stay protected from TB.