Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks one or more arteries in the lungs. This blockage can severely hinder blood flow, leading to damage in lung tissue and affecting overall oxygenation in the body. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to improving outcomes and preventing complications.

Causes of Pulmonary Embolism

PE can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): The most common cause of PE is a clot that originates in the deep veins of the legs and travels to the lungs.
• Surgery and Trauma: Recent surgeries, especially orthopedic procedures or trauma, can increase the risk of clot formation.
• Prolonged Immobility: Long periods of sitting or lying down, such as during long flights or hospital stays, can lead to clot development.
• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, like cancer or heart disease, can also increase the risk.

Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism

Symptoms of PE may vary in severity and can include:

• Sudden shortness of breath
• Chest pain that may worsen with deep breathing or coughing
• Coughing up blood or pink, foamy mucus
• Rapid heart rate
• Dizziness or fainting

Diagnosis

Dr. Mandal employs a comprehensive approach to diagnosing pulmonary embolism, which may involve:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: Understanding patient history and symptoms to identify risk factors.
• Imaging Tests:
  • CT Pulmonary Angiography: A specialized imaging technique that provides detailed pictures of the blood vessels in the lungs.
  • Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan: This test assesses airflow and blood flow in the lungs.
• Blood Tests: D-dimer tests can help identify the presence of abnormal blood clotting.

Treatment Options

Timely treatment of pulmonary embolism is crucial. Dr. Mandal offers the following treatment options:

• Anticoagulants: Medications that thin the blood to prevent further clotting and allow the body to dissolve existing clots.
• Thrombolytics: "Clot busters" used in more severe cases to quickly dissolve clots.
• Surgical Interventions: In cases of massive PE or when medications are not effective, procedures such as embolectomy may be considered to remove the clot.
• Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filters: A device that can be placed in the large vein (IVC) to prevent clots from reaching the lungs.

Prevention

Preventing pulmonary embolism is essential, especially for individuals at higher risk. Dr. Mandal emphasizes the following preventive measures:

• Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking can reduce risk.
• Medication: Prophylactic anticoagulants may be recommended for patients undergoing surgery or those with a history of clots.
• Compression Stockings: Wearing compression garments during long flights or hospital stays can help improve blood flow.

Schedule a Consultation

If you are experiencing symptoms of pulmonary embolism or have concerns about your risk factors,

schedule your consultation today and take the first step toward better respiratory health with Dr. A.K. Mandal!