Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. This can lead to a range of health issues, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and daytime fatigue. Dr. Mandal, a leading pulmonologist in Mohali, specializes in diagnosing and treating sleep apnea to help patients achieve healthier, more restful sleep.

What is Sleep Apnea?

Sleep apnea is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep. These pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes and may occur multiple times an hour. There are three main types of sleep apnea:

• Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): The most common form, caused by the relaxation of throat muscles during sleep, which blocks the airway.
• Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): Occurs when the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing.
• Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A combination of OSA and CSA.

Symptoms of Sleep Apnea

Common symptoms include:

• Loud snoring
• Choking or gasping during sleep
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Morning headaches
• Difficulty concentrating
• Irritability and mood swings

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the risk of developing sleep apnea, including:

• Being overweight or obese
• Age (more common in adults over 40)
• Family history of sleep apnea
• Smoking
• Alcohol use
• Nasal congestion due to allergies or other conditions

Diagnosis

Dr. Mandal uses various methods to diagnose sleep apnea, including:

• Sleep Studies: Conducting overnight sleep studies (polysomnography) to monitor your sleep patterns and breathing.
• Home Sleep Testing: In some cases, portable home devices can be used to collect data on your breathing during sleep.
• Medical History Review: Evaluating your symptoms and medical history to identify potential risk factors.

Treatment Options

Effective treatment for sleep apnea is crucial for improving sleep quality and overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): A CPAP machine delivers a steady stream of air to keep your airway open while you sleep.
• Oral Appliances: Custom-fitted devices that help keep your throat open by repositioning your jaw.
• Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, quitting smoking, and avoiding alcohol can significantly reduce symptoms.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options may be considered to remove tissue from the throat or to reposition the jaw.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What should I do if I think I have sleep apnea?

If you suspect you have sleep apnea, it’s important to seek medical advice. Schedule a consultation with Dr. Mandal for an evaluation.

2. Can sleep apnea be cured?

While there is no definitive cure for sleep apnea, it can be effectively managed through various treatment options.

3. How does sleep apnea affect my health?

Untreated sleep apnea can lead to serious health complications, including cardiovascular issues, diabetes, and reduced quality of life due to daytime fatigue.

4. Is CPAP therapy uncomfortable?

Many patients adjust to CPAP therapy over time. Dr. Mandal can help you find the right settings and equipment to enhance comfort.